首页 世界上最伟大的演说辞

第37章 论公民的不服从 (2)

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The authority of government, even such as I am willing to submit to—for I will cheerfully obey those who know and can do better than I, and in many things even those who neither know nor can do so well—is still an impure one: to be strictly just, it must have the sanction and consent of the governed. It can have no pure right over my person and property but what I concede to it. The progress from an absolute to a limited monarchy, from a limited monarchy to a democracy, is a progress toward a true respect for the individual. Even the Chinese philosopher was wise enough to regard the individual as the basis of the empire. Is a democracy, such as we know it, the last improvement possible in government? Is it not possible to take a step further towards recognizing and organizing the rights of man? There will never be a really free and enlightened State until the State comes to recognize the individual as a higher and independent power, from which all its own power and authority are derived, and treats him accordingly. I please myself with imagining a State at last which can afford to be just to all men, and to treat the individual with respect as a neighbor; which even would not think it inconsistent with its own repose if a few were to live aloof from it, not meddling with it, nor embraced by it, who fulfilled all the duties of neighbors and fellow men. A State which bore this kind of fruit, and suffered it to drop off as fast as it ripened, would prepare the way for a still more perfect and glorious State, which I have also imagined, but not yet anywhere seen.

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我由衷地赞同这一名言——最少管事的政府是最好的政府。我还希望看到它能被迅速而彻底地得到执行。我相信,在它执行后,其最终结果将是——最好的政府是不进行任何管理的政府。只要人们对此有所期待,他们就会得到这样的政府。政府充其量不过是一种权宜之计,而大部分政府通常是不明智的,甚至有时所有政府都是不明智的。公民们对设置常备军的反对意见很多、很强烈,而且理应占主导地位,这种意见最终可能转变为反对常设政府,因为常备军队只不过是常设政府的一支胳臂。政府本身也只不过是由人民选择来执行他们意志的形式,在人民来不及通过它来执行意志之前,它同样也很容易被滥用。请看看当前的墨西哥战争,它是少数人将常设政府当做工具的结果,因为一开始人民就不同意采取这种做法。