独立主格结构主要表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况、补充说明等,相当于一个状语从句或并列句。
现举例说明独立主格结构的构成及句法功能:
Weather permitting,we shall go climbing tomorrow.(名词+现在分词,表条件)
如果天气允许的话,明天我们就去爬山。
The work done,all the workers went home.(名词+过去分词,表时间)
工作完成后,所有工人就回家了。
He being ill,his wife asked a week off to look after him.(代词+现在分词,表原因)
由于他病了,他妻子请假一周照看他。
The patient was lying in the bed,the eyes half open.(名词+形容词,表伴随情况)
这个病人躺在**,半睁着眼。
She sat at the table,collar off,head down,and pen in position,ready to begin the novel.(名词+副词,表伴随)
她坐在桌前,衣领已解掉,头低了下来,拿好钢笔,准备开始写小说。
They said farewell to each other,one to go to the company,the other to go home.(代词+不定式,表补充说明)
他们道别后,一个去了公司,另一个回家了。
So many classmates to help him,he is sure to catch up in English.
(名词+不定式,表原因)
有这么多同学的帮助,他肯定能赶上英语学习。
Mary goes to the library,bag in hand.(名词+介词短语,表伴随状况)
玛丽提着书包进了图书馆。
There being nothing to discuss,we ended up the meeting.
(there being+代词,表原因)
既然没什么要讨论的,我们就结束了会议。
It being Spring Festival,all the country falls into happy atmosphere.
(it being+名词,表时间)
春节期间,整个国家都沉浸在一片欢快的气氛中。