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二、长拳技法特点 Characteristics of Chang Quan Techniques

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(一)手要捷快 Swift Hand Movement

长拳的手法,要迅疾、敏捷、有力,须“拳如流星”。这不仅是在拳、臂挥舞时要如此,在掌、腕的细微动作里也要如此。上肢运动要达到“拳如流星”这种要求,就必须松肩活肘,使肩、肘、腕等关节在运动时力求松活顺畅,以迅雷不及掩耳之势,先声夺人。

The hand techniques of Chang Quan shall be rapid,prompt and powerful which require that“the fist shoots out like the stars".The characteristics are seen in swinging fists and arms,then small movements of palms and wrists as well.In order to meet the requirements that“the fist shoots out like the stars”,the joints,shoulder,elbows and wrists shall be as flexible as possible during the movements,so as to take precedence with remarkable speed.

(二)眼要明锐 Acute Eyes

长拳的眼法,要明快、锐利,须“眼似电”。眼法在长拳运动中不是单独活动的,它必须“眼随手动”,“目随势注”。手法既然要流星般地迅快、敏捷、有力,那么眼睛的注视就要相应地像“闪电”般明快锐利。这种手到眼到的眼法变化,不仅和手法有着密切的关系,也和颈部的活动有关。随着眼法的左顾右盼、上瞻下视,颈部的灵活及转头变脸的快速也是必要的。同时,眼法还涉及动作意向的问题。一般来说,长拳的动作都有它的意向,进则是攻,退则是守,即使是静止时的拳势,也都含有伺机待动的意向。眼法是表现动作意向和传神的关键。因此眼法必须做到“眼随手动”、“目随势注”、“明锐似电”。

The eye techniques of Chang Quan require bright and sharp eyes.“The eyes stare out like electricity.”The eye techniques are not individually acted in Chang Quan,and“eyes shall follow hands”and“eyes shall follow potentials”.The hand techniques shall be swift,prompt and powerful like the stars,and the fixation of eyes shall also be bright and sharp like the“lightening”.Changes of the eye techniques on using your hands and open your eyes not only closely relate to the hand techniques,but also relate to movements of the neck.Along with glancing fight,left and right,up and down of the eye techniques,flexibility of the neck and rapidness of the face turning are also necessary.At the same time,the eye techniques also relate to the issue of movement intention.Generally speaking,all movements of Chang Quan have their intentions,in which the forwards movement is the attack,and the backwards movement is the defense.Even in static postures,the exerciser still has intentions to move at the best opportunity.The eye techniques are the key to express intentions and vitality of movements.Therefore,the eye techniques shall be that “eyes shall follow hands”, “eyes shall follow potentials”,and “eyes like bright and sharp electricity”.