一、太极拳概说 Brief Introduction of Taiji Quan
在中华武术文化宝库中,太极拳是一种构思特异的拳种,它以虚灵、舒松、静谧的方法进行自我修炼,十分符合养生之道。修炼太极拳,武可以防身御侮,克敌制胜;文可以调心养气,祛病延年。修武而文在其中,是一种文武兼修的健身术。
Taiji Quan is a specially designed type of Quan in the treasurable Chinese Wushu culture.It helps people to train themselves with empty,flexible,relaxing,comfortable,and quiet methods,and which is suitable for health care.Taiji Quan,can be used for self-defence and is also helpful to adjust Qi(breath)and strengthen heart function.Thus Taiji Quan is beneficial for avoiding illness and extend longevity,and is a skill for both combat an health preservation.
太极拳是因为拳法变幻无穷,遂用中国古代的“阴阳”、“太极”这一哲学理论来解释拳理而被命名的。“太极”一词源出《周易》:“易有太极,是生两仪。”“太”就是大的意思,“极”就是开始或顶点的意思。太极是中国古代人的一种最原始的世界观,拳术和太极的结合,逐步形成了太极拳术。
The name,Taiji Quan,came from Chinese ancient philosophy“Yin-Yang”and“Taiji”,because of its tremendously changeable movements.The word“Taiji”came from“Zhouyi”:“Yi has Taiji(supreme terminus),and it produces two Yi (ultimate element)”.“Tai”means supreme,and“Ji”means the initial beginning or ultimate terminus or vertex.Taiji is Chinese people's primitive world view.Taiji Quan gradually came into being from the integration of Quan(boxing)skills and the theory of Taiji.
关于太极拳的起源,据考证形成于明末清初。太极拳有下列三个方面的来源:第一方面,综合吸收了明代名家拳法。明代武术极为盛行,出现了很多名家、专著和新拳种,太极拳就是吸取了当时各家拳法之长,特别是戚继光的三十二势长拳而编成的;第二方面,结合了古代导引、吐纳之术。太极拳讲究意念引导动作,气沉丹田,心静体松,重在内壮,把拳术中的手、眼、身、步的协调配合与导引、吐纳有机地结合起来,这就使太极拳成为内外统一的拳术运动,所以被称为“内功拳”之一;第三方面,运用了中国古代的中医经络学说和阴阳学说。太极拳结合经络学说,要求“以意引气,以气运身”,内气发源于丹田,以腰为主宰发力于全身。各式传统太极拳也皆以太极阴阳学说来概括和解释拳法中各种矛盾变化。