佚名/Anonymous
Man is,at one and the same time,a solitary being and a social bein g.As a solitary being,he attempts to protect his own existence and tha t of those who are closest to him,to satisfy his personal desires,and to develop his innate abilities.As a social being,he seeks to gain the recognition and affection of his fellow human beings,to share in their pleasures,to comfort them in their sorrows,and to improve their condit ions of life.Only the existence of these varied,frequently conflicting,strivings accounts for the special character of a man,and their speci fic combination determines the extent to which an individual can achieve an inner balance and can contribute to the well-being of society.
It is quite possible that the relative strength of these two drives is,in the main,fixed by inheritance.But the personality that finally emerges is largely formed by the environment in which a man happens to f ind himself during his development,by the structure of the society in w hich he grows up,by the tradition of that society,and by its evaluatio n of particular types of behavior.The abstract concept "society" mean s to the individual human being the sum total of his direct and indirect relations to his contemporaries and to all the people of earlier generat ions.The individual is able to think,feel,strive,and work by himself;but he depends so much upon society--in his physical,intellectual,and emotional existence--that it is impossible to think of him,or to understand him,outside the framework of society.It is "society" whic h provides man with food,clothing,home,the tools of work,language,t he forms of thought,and most of the content of thought;his life is mad e possible through the labor and accomplishments of the many millions pa st and present who are all hidden behind the small word "society".
人类既具有独立性，又具有群居性。作为一个独立的个体，他试图保护自己以及身边最亲近的人的生活，同时满足自己个人的愿望，发展自身的内在潜能；作为群居者，他试图获得其他人的认同和友爱，希望他们分享自己的快乐，安慰他们受伤的心灵，同时改善他们的生活条件。一个人的个性正是在这些复杂多变、冲突频繁的抗争中显现出来的。两者的特定结合决定了一个人维持内心平衡的程度，以及他对社会作出贡献的大小。