■Indonesian Society and Culture
◆ Diversity
◇Indonesia is a enormously diverse nation.
◇It is composed of over 17,500 islands (6000 of which are inhabited) which are populated by over 300 ethnic groups.
◇Each province has its own distinct language, ethnic make-up, religions and history.
◇Most people will define themselves locally before nationally.
◇Moreover, there are many cultural influences originating back from difference in heritage. Indonesians are a mix of Chinese, European, Indian, and Malay.
◇Although Indonesia has the most Muslims in the world, there are also a large number of Christian Protestants, Catholics, Hindus and Buddhists.
◇Due to this great diversity a great deal of attention is needed from the government to maintain a cohesion.
◇Consequently the national motto is “Unity in Diversity”. For example, the language has been standardized and a national philosophy has been conceived known as “Pancasila” which emphasizes universal justice for all Indonesians.
◇Because of the diverse nature of Indonesian society there is a strong pull towards the group, whether family, village or island.
◇People will be defined according to their ethnic group, family and birthplace.
◇The family has very traditional structure.
◇Family members have clearly defined roles and a great sense of interdependence.
■Hierarchy
◇As with most group-orientated cultures, hierarchy is very important in Indonesian culture.
◇Hierarchical relationships are revered, stressed and maintained.
◇Show respect to those with status, power, position, and age.
◇As a result, the most senior is expected to make group decisions in both the village and the office.
◇People of higher ranks are often called “bapak” or “ibu”, which is equivalent to father or mother, sir or madam.
◇Indonesians advocate group discussion and consensus, although those with the most authority make decisions, This is attributed to the idea of maintaining strong group cohesiveness and harmonious relationships.